What is Prosthetic Dentistry?
It aims to restore the lost esthetics, phonation and function to the patient by reconstructing the lost teeth and oral surrounding tissues.
To Whom Prosthetic Dentistry Treatment is Applied?
Prosthetic dental treatment is mostly applied to patients who are late for treatment. Thus, the lost tooth or teeth can be regained with different types of prosthesis. Prosthetic treatment methods make the person feel better in terms of function and aesthetics. While the chewing and speaking function is restored to the person, it is ensured that the person feels good in terms of comfort and aesthetics. In this sense, prosthetic dental treatments are one of the important branches of dentistry. The materials used in prosthetic dental treatment are in a wide range.
What Are the Types of Prosthesis Used in Prosthetic Dentistry?
Although fixed and removable prostheses are used in prosthetic dental treatment in general, implant-supported prostheses can also be evaluated within this scope:
Fixed Prostheses: Fixed prostheses are a type of prosthesis made with support from existing healthy teeth or implants. These prostheses are fixed in the mouth with different chemicals. Some of the commonly used fixed prosthesis types can be listed as follows: Crown : Crown , also known as a coating among the people, can be defined as the removal of factors that disrupt the integrity of the teeth caused by large caries and tooth fractures . Thus, the integrity of the person's teeth is preserved and the functionality of the tooth is restored. In addition, the spaces between the teeth can be closed with a crown. Crown applications are made by fixing the veneer on the tooth after the tooth is slightly reduced. Metal Supported Porcelain Veneer: Although the outer part of this type of prosthesis visible in the mouth is porcelain, the inside of the veneer consists of metal. Therefore, the light transmittance is low. Therefore, although metal-supported porcelain veneers are aesthetically beautiful, they can create problems in terms of naturalness. It is not recommended to be applied on the anterior teeth of patients with high aesthetic expectations . Zirconium Supported Coating: Zirconium coatings with high light transmittance are the type of coating that is closest to the natural appearance in this respect. In these applications, also known as zirconium supported porcelain veneers, the visible part of the tooth consists of porcelain and the inner part consists of zirconium. Ceramic Coating: Composite lamina or ceramic crown applications are made without the need to reduce the tooth too much. The process performed at this point can be referred to as the abrasion of the tooth . There is no metal in the lower part of this type of coating. Ceramic coatings are produced from reinforced porcelain. It is known as the most aesthetically advanced coating type. With this aspect, it is frequently used especially for the restoration of anterior teeth. Bridge: In the bridge treatment applied in cases where one or more teeth are lost, healthy teeth next to the existing tooth gap are used as bridge pillars. In bridge treatment, which can be done with different techniques such as traditional, winged and suspended, a prosthesis is applied to replace the lost tooth or tooth group. Thus, the functionality and aesthetics lost by the person are regained. Implant: One of the most commonly used prostheses to restore the effects of tooth loss is an implant. Different types of prostheses can be placed on the implants made by placing the artificial tooth root in the jawbone. Removable Prostheses Removable prostheses, also known as palate prostheses, are applied to people who have lost all their teeth for different reasons. With the loss of all teeth, the lips of the person shrink inward. This causes the person to look much older than they are. Also, speech is impaired. Some sounds become impossible to produce. The biggest problem is the deterioration of the person's nutrition. Since the chewing function cannot be fully fulfilled, the person has difficulty in consuming many foods. These removable teeth are designed to receive support from the tissues in the mouth. Thus, the loss of function and aesthetics caused by the loss of all teeth can be eliminated. Implant-Top Prostheses This type of prosthesis can be defined as the placement of fixed or removable prostheses on existing or future implants. The basic principle in implant prostheses, which can be applied to people who have no teeth but have the appropriate bone level for the implant, is to ensure the attachment of removable or fixed prostheses. The prosthesis is fixed in the slots in the implants in the jaw. Thus, the holding power of the prosthesis increases, giving the person better chewing and speaking functions. For fixed prosthesis, 4 to 6 implants are made in the lower jaw and 6 to 8 implants in the upper jaw, depending on the size of the jaw. For a removable prosthesis, there should be 2 to 4 implants in the lower jaw and at least 4 implants in the upper jaw. Fixed dentures on implants and removable dentures on implants can be made of materials such as metal, ceramic and zirconium. Bone loss is prevented as implant-supported prostheses provide power transmission to the bone tissue. Thanks to these prostheses, smile aesthetics can be rearranged. Implant prostheses made by specialist physicians under appropriate conditions can be used for many years.
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